Regulation of
Conflict Minerals
Conflict minerals refer to four minerals, 3TG (tantalum (Ta), tin (Sn), tungsten (W) and gold (Au)) that are produced in Africa's DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) and neighboring countries (Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Zambia, Angola, Tanzania, and Central African Republic), which are defined as conflict areas under the U.S. Dodd-Frank Act. It is understood that in these areas, armed groups such as rebels and government forces control the mining and distribution of minerals, thereby they secure funds and create conflict. This causes not only loss of life but also causes human rights issues such as human rights violations of local residents and labor exploitation during the mineral extraction process, and causes social problems such as environmental pollution. So companies that distribute or use these minerals are criticized.
In 2010, the U.S. Congress enacted the U.S. Dodd-Frank Act Section 1502, which mandates reporting of conflict minerals. Hence U.S. listed companies should report their use of conflict minerals to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).